QRZ Logbook

Monday, August 26, 2013

Off-topic: We get it, Miley!

Sorry to waste my ham radio aficionados' time, but I've been wanting to say this for a while now:

Dear Miley Cyrus:

WE GET IT! Okay? We realize you're not 15 years old anymore. We get it that you don't have that cheerful Disney attitude to your demeanor anymore, that you're not all fresh and pure as the wind-driven snow, and that you're not the same girl MY kids grew up with.

We get that you don't want to be stereotyped into that innocent, sweet girl persona, that you want the world to realize you are not Hannah Montana anymore. We even get that you're not even the mild-mannered Miley Stewart, the "real world" alter-ego of Montana.

We get it that you are not that teen who sold millions of dollars worth of Hannah Montana merchandise, like t-shirts, pajamas, backpacks, notebooks, jewelry, hair care products, toy microphones, shoes...the list goes on.  I should know, since I purchased much of this with my hard-earned money to satiate my kids' appetite for all things Miley.

So now we parents of 'tweens who were the fanbase for who you WERE must now work to try and discuss with our kids about who you now ARE and what you have apparently come to be. It's not like it's a big deal, really. I mean, you "retired" from Hannah what, 2 years ago? You've pretty much dropped off the radar in the life of a short-attention-spanned childhood and kids simply move on to the "next big thing" just as quick. I think this One Direction thing is the new fad, right? Well, they all but forgot until the VMA's this past Sunday.

Seriously? Is this what you want to be? Is this Miley all grown up? Fine, be whatever you want to be, sing what you want to sing, dress however you want to dress, even if it is like a prostitute. Like the saying goes, dress for the job you want...

If that's what you think will earn you metric tons of more money then by all means twerk away. And thanks for introducing the world to twerking, by the way. I had no idea what it was until this stunt. I shall add it to my lexicon and use it daily in talking to my friends, family, and co-workers. Maybe I'll ask random strangers if they've "twerked" lately. That ought to win friends and influence people.

You do realize that had it not been for the media coverage of this ridiculousness that is the VMAs (I think the last time I watched, Eddie Murphy hosted it) I, nor anyone else would have paid any attention to it. Every year we get treated to some outrageous horseshit that gets people to talk about it for all of a couple of days until the next big attention whore grabs the TMZ spotlight. Usually an over-hyped blowhard with a bad hairdo posing as an entertainer has to interrupt an acceptance speech or two female singers box tonsils on stage, but other than that the VMAs are just another award show no one gives two shits about until publicity stunts like this take center stage.

But I digress, you've moved on from all that teenage silliness. It's time to forget about all that money you raped earned from the kids who followed your every move and you've got to go for a new target audience. You're the millennial version of Opie Cunningham and you want the world to talk about you and only you, not Hannah! You've got to keep it "fresh and real" with your peers so you don't sink into...*gasp* irrelevancy!

Not that I'm surprised, really. For several weeks we've been hearing all about how you have a penchant for marijuana, shortened your hair and even changed the color to get away from that infernally red-headed "Hannah" persona. But this past Sunday should have eliminated any doubt that you want to be tied to that child-star personality from here on out. Yes, Miley, WE GET IT ALREADY!

If anything, it took away from hearing about Lady Gaga, or that N-Sync reunion, or whatever the hell Justin Bieber's doing. Or events going on in Syria for that matter.

Just put your tongue back in your mouth already for God's sake.

Monday, August 19, 2013

What a bargain!

If you act now, you can get your hands on this lovely Gonset GSB-201 linear amp on eBay.

It's clean, looks pretty much to be in working order. It comes from the estate of a ham, so the seller themselves have never used it personally. It has been powered on and the tubes work...or at least they light up. Typical output power can range from ~400W to 1500W depending on mode and the condition of the tubes (according to an article on eHam). 

And it can ALL be yours...for the bargain basement price of...drumroll please...$28,999.99!!! 

But wait! There's more!

FREE SHIPPING! DID I MENTION THAT?!?!?!?!?

Now hooooold the phone there, you crazy spendthrifts. Let's not rush through this too quick! Let's see what  $29k (minus a penny) could get you:
I'm not sure what medication this guy is on, but it must be awful good. The only answer he gives to all the questions posed are given the same answer. But then again, all of the questions are roughly the same: "Are you nuts?".

If someone actually pays $29k for this, perhaps he's not the crazy one after all.

Saturday, August 10, 2013

1965 Ham License Answers

Novice:
  1. Question #9: What method of frequency control is required to be used in the transmitter of a station licensed to the holder of a Novice Class License? The frequency must be crystal-controlled.
  2. Question #13: What is the maximum permissible percentage of modulation of an amateur radiotelephone station? 100%
  3. Question #17: What is the relationship between a fundamental frequency and its second harmonic; its third harmonic, etc.? The second harmonic is twice the frequency of the fundamental, the third harmonic is three times the fundamental frequency, and so on. A harmonic is always related to its fundamental frequency by an integral multiplier; i.e., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.
  4. Question #23: How is the actual power input to the tube or tubes supplying energy to the antenna of an amateur transmitter determined? The input power is determined by measuring the direct-current plate oltage and the d.c. plate current to the tubes in the final stage in the transmitter. The power input is equal to the plate voltage multiplied by the plate current in amperes.
  5. Question #27: What is meant by a "parasitic" oscillation? A parasitic oscillation is one not essential to the operation of the equipment and usually occurring on a frequency considerably removed from the operating frequency.
General:
  1. Question #1: Name the basic units of:
    • electrical resistance - ohm
    • inductance - henry
    • capacitance - farad
    • current - ampere
    • electromotive force or potential difference - volt (electromotive force is a fancy term for "voltage")
    • power - watt
    • energy - joule
    • quantity - coulomb
    • magneto-motive force - gilbert
    • frequency - cycles-per-second, or cycles (nowadays known as "hertz")
     
  2. Question #10: What is the principal reason for using a filter in a plate power-supply system? The principal reason for using a filter in a plate power-supply system is to smooth out the a.c. ripple component in the output and make it "pure d.c."
  3. Question #19: What undesirable effects may result from operation of an unneutralized triode r.f. amplifier in a transmitter? Self-oscillation may result, with consequent radiation on undesired frequencies, possibly outside an amateur band.
  4. Question #69: What is meant by a "doubler" stage? A vacuum-type circuit in which the output circuit is tuned to twice or doube the frequency of the input circuit.
  5. Question #71: What is the reciprocal of resistance? Conductance, measured in mhos ("ohms" spelled backwards)
  6. Question #106: What precaution should be taken to protect filter capacitors connected in series? Resistors having a value of approximately 100,000 ohms should be shunted across each capacitor to equalize the d.c. voltage drops and thus prevent breakdown of the individual capacitors.
Extra:
  1. Question #4: What factors determine the core losses in a transformer? Core losses are one of two types, hysteresis and eddy-current losses. Hysteresis losses vary with the type and volume of iron or steel used in the core and with the operating frequency and magnetic flux density. Eddy-current losses vary with the volume and resistance of the core material, the thickness of the laminations, and frequency and the flux density.
  2. Question #7: In a Class-C r.f. amplifier, what ratio of load impedance to dynamic plate impedance will give the greatest plate efficiency? The highest possible load impedance will give the greatest efficiency, since the ratio of the power in the load to power lost in the plate becomes larger as the ratio of load impedance is increased. However, under these conditions, the power output is relatively small.
  3. Question #12: During 100 percent sinusoidal amplitude modulation, what percentage of the average output power is in the sidebands? 33 1/3% The average power output would increase 50% with such modulation; i.e., a 100-watt unmodulated carrier output would rise to 150 watts. Sidebands carry the excess of 50 watts, which is 1/3 the total.
  4. Question #25: What are synchronizing pulses as used in television transmitters and receivers? Synchronizing pulses used in television transmitters and receivers are pulses of extremely short duration which ensure that trace lines across the face of the picture tube in the receiver are synchronized with the trace lines in the television camera.
  5. Question #34: What determines the operating frequency of a magnetron oscillator? Its dimensions and the electric and magnetic field intensities; also, the associated circuit constants.
  6. Question #46: If the conductors in a 2-wire r.f. transmission line are replaced by larger conductors, how is the surge impedance affected, assuming no change in the center-to-center spacing of the conductor? The surge impedance is lowered.
  7. Question #63: What is the purpose of the mosaic plate in a television camera? To what item of photographic equipment is it similar in function? To store an electrical image corresponding to the visual image focused upon it, for later scanning by an electron beam to translate the electrical image into a television signal. Its function is similar to that of the film in a photographic camera, which similarly stores the image for later development.
  8. Question #92: What are the "Baudot" and "Seven Unit" codes? How are they used? Both are used in teleprinter operation. Baudot used with synchronous printers, 7-unit with start-stop printers. Each transmitted character has assigned to it a fixed time interval divided into units, 5 for Baudot and 7 for 7-unit teletype. A particular character is distinguished by a unique combination of mark and space units in that particular codes being used in all cases.
  9. Question #120: What is the meaning of the term "frequency swing" in reference to frequency-modulation transmitters? The peak difference between the maximum and minimum values of the instantaneous frequency.
  10. Question #136: What is the ohms per volt of a voltmeter constructed of a 0-1 d.c. milliammeter and a suitable resistor which makes the full-scale reading of the meter 500 volts? 1000 ohms per volt.
  11. Question #181: What is meant by low-level modulation? That applied to an early or intermediate stage of a transmitter (instead of to the final amplifier) i.e., at a point where the power level is comparatively low.
  12. Question #204: State where antenna impedance is usually measured. At the point where the antenna is fed. The value so measured is frequently converted into an equivalent value at a current loop.
  13. Question #219: Define a "back-wave" and explain what causes it. A signal emitted during key-up conditions. In make-break keying, it may be caused by energy from unkeyed exciter stages leaking through a keyed amplifier (because of improper neutralizations, etc.) or by parasitic oscillation. In frequency-shift keying the "space" signal in the back-wave.

Friday, August 9, 2013

Could you pass the 1965 Ham License exam?

1965 ARRL FCC
License Manual
I was at an estate sale a couple of weeks back and came across a couple of books that got my attention, The Radio Amateur's License Manual and How to Become a Radio Amateur. Unfortunately I didn't get to find out the callsign of whoever it was that had the books.

The license manual covered all of the classes of licenses available at the time: Novice, Technician, General, Conditional (same as General but test taken by mail), Advanced (not available to new applicants), and Extra.


As I scoped out the book, I found some interesting rules that the FCC enforced at the time:
  • If you wanted to take the test or renew, you paid $4, and it was good for 5 years. If you changed your address, it was $2.
  • Callsigns must be transmitted at the beginning of each transmission, every 10 minutes, and at the end of each transmission (currently hams don't need to identify at the beginning).
  • Novices retained their callsigns for a year and must upgrade.
  • Hams violating FCC rules faced a $500 fine per day during which the offense occurs.
  • Logs were kept of each QSO and must show:
    •  Date & time of transmission  
    •  Signature of each operator
    •  Call of the station contacted
    • Power
    • Frequency
    • Emission type
    • Location
    • Message traffic handled
  • Hams had to notify the FCC Engineer-in-Charge if they intended to operate mobile longer than 48 hours.
  • If an applicant failed an exam, they had to wait 30 days to re-take the exam.
  • The book cost 50 cents, and included the FCC Part 97 rules and regulations.
The other manual
I bought
Some rules have obviously changed. 

What struck me even more was that many of the questions from the Novice/General/Extra questions were pretty tough. Even with my electronics education and background, it was amazing how intricate many of the questions were. Unlike today's question pools, the 1965 pool did not include multiple choice answers with the wrong answers included, but the exams were multiple choice. It also wanted the reader to draw out certain circuits.

So here are some sample questions in the Novice, General, and Extra class exam pool. See how many you can answer. I'll post the correct answers in 24 hours:

Novice:
  1. Question #9: What method of frequency control is required to be used in the transmitter of a station licensed to the holder of a Novice Class License?
  2. Question #13: What is the maximum permissible percentage of modulation of an amateur radiotelephone station?
  3. Question #17: What is the relationship between a fundamental frequency and its second harmonic; its third harmonic, etc.?
  4. Question #23: How is the actual power input to the tube or tubes supplying energy to the antenna of an amateur transmitter determined?
  5. Question #27: What is meant by a "parasitic" oscillation?
General:
  1. Question #1: Name the basic units of:
    • electrical resistance
    • inductance
    • capacitance
    • current
    • electromotive force or potential difference
    • power
    • energy
    • quantity
    • magneto-motive force
    • frequency
     
  2. Question #10: What is the principal reason for using a filter in a plate power-supply system?
  3. Question #19: What undesirable effects may result from operation of an unneutralized triode r.f. amplifier in a transmitter?
  4. Question #69: What is meant by a "doubler" stage?
  5. Question #71: What is the reciprocal of resistance?
  6. Question #106: What precaution should be taken to protect filter capacitors connected in series?
Extra:
  1. Question #4: What factors determine the core losses in a transformer?
  2. Question #7: In a Class-C r.f. amplifier, what ratio of load impedance to dynamic plate impedance will give the greatest plate efficiency?
  3. Question #12: During 100 percent sinusoidal amplitude modulation, what percentage of the average output power is in the sidebands?
  4. Question #25: What are synchronizing pulses as used in television transmitters and receivers?
  5. Question #34: What determines the operating frequency of a magnetron oscillator?
  6. Question #46: If the conductors in a 2-wire r.f. transmission line are replaced by larger conductors, how is the surge impedance affected, assuming no change in the center-to-center spacing of the conductor?
  7. Question #63: What is the purpose of the mosaic plate in a television camera? To what item of photographic equipment is it similar in function?
  8. Question #92: What are the "Baudot" and "Seven Unit" codes? How are they used?
  9. Question #120: What is the meaning of the term "frequency swing" in reference to frequency-modulation transmitters?
  10. Question #136: What is the ohms per volt of a voltmeter constructed of a 0-1 d.c. milliammeter and a suitable resistor which makes the full-scale reading of the meter 500 volts?
  11. Question #181: What is meant by low-level modulation?
  12. Question #204: State where antenna impedance is usually measured.
  13. Question #219: Define a "back-wave" and explain what causes it.

Wednesday, August 7, 2013

A "typical" request for directions...

I have to wonder if this type of conversation happens on your area's repeaters (the exact conversation and names have been altered to protect the guilty):
Ham1: "Hey guys, I'm from out-of-town and need directions to . I'm currently at Can anyone tell me how best to get there?"

Ham2: "Sure thing, take the interstate to the next exit, follow the highway 7 miles, and then hang a left at the stop light."

Ham3: "Yeah, but if he takes the bypass he'll cut about 7 minutes off his commute, then go to exit 9, hang a right, and he's there by the Post Office."

Ham4: "I was just 'copying the mail' and wanted to let you know that the Post Office is now a Dollar General store, and the bypass has construction so 's directions are better, at least until December when they finish the construction."

Ham5: "Hey, I think your radio's got too much static, you need to boost yer power or move to a better location."

Ham6: "I just checked with Google Maps and it says there's at least 3 stop lights before you get to the Post Office to make the turn."

Ham4: "I just said the Post Office is no longer there, it's a Dollar General!"

Ham5: "I still think needs to move his radio, still a lotta static."

Ham3: "Didn't used to work for that Post Office branch some years ago?"

Ham6: "No you're thinking of who worked at the one by the Walmart near downtown."

Ham3: "Well, he worked for that Post Office branch too, didn't he?"

Ham6: I dunno about that. What were we talking about again?"

Ham4: "I was trying to tell you that the Post Office is now a Dollar General, and the Walmart is near the mall, not downtown."

Ham5: "Your signal's not getting better try a different radio if you have one."

Ham2 & Ham4 doubling: "This is clear!"

Ham1: "Thanks, guys, but my GPS got me there 5 minutes ago and you all quick-keyed so fast I couldn't get a word in edge-wise, and by the way it's at the 2nd stop light past the McDonald's. There's no Walmart, Dollar General, or Post Office in sight. I think you all are off your rockers. Thanks for the comedy routine, this is clear."

Ham5: "I heard that same static on his radio as I did , and in fact several of you had that noisy signal, so maybe it's the repeater. Can't be my radio."